Forest Natural Disturbances

Lorimer, C.G., 1980. Age structure and disturbance history of a southern Appalachian virgin forest. Ecology, 61-5:1169-1184.

Peterson, C.J. 2007. Consistent influence of tree diameter and species on damage in nine eastern North America tornado blowdowns. Forest Ecology and Management, 250:96-108.

Hursh, C.R., F.W. Haasis. 1931. Effects of 1925 summer drought on southern Appalachian hardwoods. Ecology, 12:380-386.

Barden, L.S. 1981. Forest development in canopy gaps of a diverse hardwood forest of the southern Appalachian mountains. Oikos, 37-2:205-209.

Frelich, L.E., C.G. Lorimer. 1991. Natural disturbance regimes in Hemlock-hardwood forests of the upper Great Lakes region. Ecological Monographs, 61-2:145-164.

Phillips, D.L., D.J. Shure. 1990. Patch-size effects on early succession in southern Appalachian forests. Ecological Society of America, 71-1:204-212.

Foster, D.R., E.R. Boose. 1992. Patterns of forest damage resulting from catastrophic wind in central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology, 80-1:79-98.

Foster, D.R., D.A. Orwig. 2006. Preemptive and salvage harvesting of New England forests: when doing nothing is a viable alternative. Conservation Biology, 20-4:959-970.

Lorimer, C.G. 1989. Relative effects of small and large disturbances on temperate hardwood forest structure. Ecological Society of America, 70-3:565-567.

Melancon, S., M.J. Lechowicz. 1987. Differences in the damage caused by glaze ice on codominant Acer saccharum and Fagus grandifolia. Canadian Journal of Botany, 65:1157-1159.

Rhoads, A.G., S.P. Hamburg, T.J. Fahey, T.G. Siccama, E.N. Hane, J. Battles, C. Cogbill, J. Randall, G. Wilson. 2002. Effects on an intense ice storm on the structure of a northern hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 32:1763-1775.

Rebertus, A.J., S.R. Shifley, R.H. Richards, L.M. Roovers. 1997. Ice storm damage to an old-growth oak-hickory forest in Missouri. American Midland Naturalist, 137-1:48-61.

 Lafon, C.W. 2004. Ice-storm disturbance and long-term forest dynamics in the Adirondack Mountains. Journal of Vegetation Science, 15-2:267-276.